Can natural language semantics explain syllogistic reasoning?
نویسنده
چکیده
It has long been known that conversion of the quantifiers can explain syllogistic reasoning errors (Newstead, 1989; Revlis, 1975; Wilkins, 1928). Geurts is more concerned with explaining how people solve valid syllogisms, and an integral part of his model is the (entirely legal) conversion of ‘no’ and ‘some’. This part of Geurts’ theory seems unexceptionable, but more problematic is his assumption that conversion of ‘no’ and ‘some’ can be carried out with negligible processing effort. While it may be true that these are relatively straightforward operations it is implausible that they put no discernible strain on working memory. Somewhat bizarrely, Geurts assumes that conversion does add difficulty when it is applied illicitly to ‘all’ and ‘some...not’. It is difficult to see how the same operation is both cost free and resource consuming depending on which quantifier it is applied to!
منابع مشابه
Some arguments are probably valid: Syllogistic reasoning as communication
Syllogistic reasoning lies at the intriguing intersection of natural and formal reasoning, of language and logic. Syllogisms comprise a formal system of reasoning yet use natural language quantifiers, and invite natural language conclusions. How can we make sense of the interplay between logic and language? We develop a computational-level theory that considers reasoning over concrete situation...
متن کاملCompleteness Theorems for Syllogistic Fragments
Traditional syllogisms involve sentences of the following simple forms: All X are Y , Some X are Y , No X are Y ; similar sentences with proper names as subjects, and identities between names. These sentences come with the natural semantics using subsets of a given universe, and so it is natural to ask about complete proof systems. Logical systems are important in this area due to the prominenc...
متن کاملPii: S0010-0277(02)00180-4
In the semantics of natural language, quantification may have received more attention than any other subject, and one of the main topics in psychological studies on deductive reasoning is syllogistic inference, which is just a restricted form of reasoning with quantifiers. But thus far the semantical and psychological enterprises have remained disconnected. This paper aims to show how our under...
متن کاملSyllogistic Reasoning under the Weak Completion Semantics
In a recent meta-analysis, Khemlani & Johnson-Laird (2012) showed that the conclusions drawn by human reasoners in psychological experiments about syllogistic reasoning are not the conclusions predicted by classical first-order logic. Moreover, current cognitive theories deviate significantly from the empirical data. In this paper we show how human syllogistic reasoning can be modelled under th...
متن کاملFrom inheritance relation to nonaxiomatic logic
Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System is an adaptive system that works with insu cient knowledge and resources. At the beginning of the paper, three binary term logics are de ned. The rst is based only on an inheritance relation. The second and the third suggest a novel way to process extension and intension, and they also have interesting relations with Aristotle's syllogistic logic. Based on the thr...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cognition
دوره 90 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003